DUMP TRAILER ROLLOVER ACCIDENTS
By
Charles C. Roberts, Jr.
Dump trailers are semi-trailers with a dump box mounted on a
frame, equipped with a hoist cylinder to raise and lower the box.
These vehicles haul a variety of materials ranging from gravel to
manufactured granular products. Dump trailers come in a variety
of lengths with the longer vehicles being susceptible to instability
and rollover. Figure 1 shows a dump trailer that rolled over while
the hoist cylinder was fully extended and the vehicle was dumping
a load.
Figure 1
Figure 2 is a view of the accident scene. The vehicle was
unloading on slightly sloped ground. Most operator manuals for
dump trailers caution about making sure the load is dumped on
level ground because the extension of a long box into the air can be
hazardous with even the smallest degree of tilt to the chassis.
Figure 2
Figure 3
What had apparently happened in this accident is depicted in
Figure 3. The dump trailer was being unloaded on sloped terrain
that made the dump box tilt to the left as shown in the drawing.
According to a witness, part of the load adhered to the trailer bed
and remained on one side of the dump box, causing an
unsymmetrical load and more trailer tilt to the left. The
combination of sloped terrain and the unsymmetrical load was
sufficient to cause the trailer to roll to the left, causing severe
frame and hoist cylinder damage, rendering the vehicle a total loss.
The box was equipped with a vibrator used to dislodge such
unsymmetrical loads, but it was not operable at the time.
Figure 4
Figure 4 shows another loss where a dump trailer rolled over on
level ground, while dumping a load. Before the vibrator could be
used, the vehicle suddenly rolled over, causing severe frame and
hoist cylinder damage. Inspection of the vehicle revealed severe
wear of the hoist cylinder support pin as shown by the arrow in
Figure 5. The bore where the pin was inserted, as well as the pin,
were badly worn, allowing the hoist cylinder to wobble laterally.
Figure 5
Figure 6
Arrows in Figure 6 shows severely worn areas on the pin as well as
the pin support plate.
Figure 7 depicts the likely failure scenario, resulting in the
accident. Since the hoist cylinder support pin is badly worn, the
lateral stability of the base of the hoist is poor or non existent. The
hoist cylinder could extend in a variety of directions laterally,
causing the box to twist on the frame, especially when an
unsymmetrical load was encountered. As the hoist cylinder
extended, more lateral imbalance occurred until the frame twist
was sufficient to cause rollover. This accident can be attributed to
poor maintenance of the hoist cylinder mounting pin components.
Figure 7
When investigating dump trailer rollovers, the following
information is helpful. Get witness statements, which can help
establish the location and nature of the unloading process. Did the
driver use the mechanical vibrator to dislodge the load? Was the
material being dumped stuck to the dump box in an unsymmetrical
fashion that could cause a rollover? Was the unloading site level?
Did the truck driver attempt to drive away with the dump box fully
extended? Was the dump trailer in good working order? These
questions can help determine the cause of dump trailer rollovers,
which can result in significant damage to the vehicle - often a total
loss.